el-stu

le cours est désigné aux étudiants de la première année GAT 
ou le principale objective est d'aider et initier les étudiants a la langue française 

Lesson 4

1. Overview

This, that, these, those are demonstrative determiners/pronouns.
They are used to point to people or things.

2. Using Distance (Physical & Psychological)

A. Physical distance

• This book (here, in my hand)
• That building (far away)
• These shoes (near me)
• Those mountains (far away)

B. Psychological distance (ideas, time, feelings)

• This idea is interesting. (current topic)
• That was a difficult time in my life. (past, emotionally distant)
• These days, I exercise more. (recent period)
• Those were the best years of my life. (long ago)

3. As Determiners vs Pronouns

A. Determiners (before a noun)

• This phone is new.
• Those students are late.

B. Pronouns (replace the noun)

• I like this.
• Those are expensive.

4. In Conversations (Very Important at Intermediate Level)

Referring back to something mentioned

• She failed the exam. That surprised everyone.
• He apologized late. That wasn’t acceptable.

Making contrasts

• I prefer this option, not that one.
• These are useful, but those are outdated.

5. Common Structures

A. With “one / ones”

• I don’t like this one.
• Those ones are cheaper. (informal)

B. With adjectives

• This beautiful painting
• Those old houses

6. Common Mistakes (Avoid These)

❌ This cars are fast.
✅ These cars are fast.

❌ Those book is mine.
✅ That book is mine.

❌ Using this for plural nouns
✅ Use these

7. Practice Exercises

A. Choose the correct word:

1. ____ shoes here are mine.
2. ____ was a great movie we watched yesterday.
3. ____ apples on the table are fresh.
4. Do you remember ____ summer in Italy?

Answers:

1. These
2. That
3. These
4. That

B. Make your own sentences

Write one sentence with:

• this
• that
• these
• those

Lesson 3: Present Simple Tense

1- When do we use the Present Simple?

We use the present simple for:

• Daily routines
• Habits
• Facts

Examples:

• I wake up at 7.
• She works in an office.
• The sun rises in the east.

2- Form (Positive Sentences)

Subject + base verb

 He / She / It → add (s)

3- Examples

• I like coffee.
• You study English.
• We live in Cairo.
• He likes tea.
• She studies English.
• It works well.

4- Spelling Rules (He / She / It)

• Most verbs: add s
• work → works
• Verbs ending in ch / sh / x / s / o → add es
• go → goes
• Verbs ending in consonant + y → y → ies
• study → studies

5- Negative Sentences

Use do not (don’t) or does not (doesn’t)

Subject + do/does + not + base verb

• I don’t like milk.
• You don’t work on Sunday.
• He doesn’t like milk.
• She doesn’t play football.

After doesn’t, use the base verb (no “s”).

6- Questions

Do / Does + subject + base verb?

• Do you like coffee?
• Do they live here?
• Does he work on Sunday?
• Does she play tennis?

Short answers:

• Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
• Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

7-Time Words (Adverbs)

• always
• usually
• often
• sometimes
• never
• every day / every week

Example:

• She usually wakes up early.

8- Exercises

A. Choose the correct answer:

1. He ___ (like / likes) apples.
2. They ___ (play / plays) football.
3. She ___ (study / studies) English.

B. Make negative sentences:

1. He likes coffee.
2. We work on Sunday.

C. Make questions:

1. You live here.
2. She speaks English.

Lesson 2: The Verb “To Be” – Questions & Short Answers

1- Making Questions

To make a question, put the verb before the subject.

2-Yes / No Questions

• Am I late?
• Are you ready?
• Is she your sister?
• Are we friends?

3- Short Answers

 We do not say: Yes, I am a student. (too long for short answer)

4- Wh- Questions with “To Be”

• What is your name?
• Where are you from?
• How are you today?
• Who is she?

5- Examples

• What is your name?
  → My name is Ali.
• Where are you from?
  → I am from Egypt.

6- Exercises

A. Make questions:

1. She is happy. → ___ she happy?
2. They are students. → ___ they students?
3. He is your brother. → ___ he your brother?

B. Answer the questions:

1. Are you a student?
2. Is your teacher kind?

C. Choose the correct answer:

1. ___ you tired?
   b) Are a) Is
2. Where ___ she from?
   b) are a) is

Lesson 1: The Verb “To Be”

1- What is “to be”?

The verb “to be” is used to:

• Talk about who we are
• Talk about how we feel
• Talk about what something is

2- Forms of “To Be” (Present Simple)

3- Examples

• I am a student.
• You are happy.
• He is a teacher.
• She is my sister.
• It is a cat.
• We are friends.
• They are at school.

4-Negative Form

Add not after the verb.

• I am not tired.
• You are not late.
• He is not angry.

Short forms

• is not → isn’t
• are not → aren’t

5- Questions

Put the verb before the subject.

• Am I late?
• Are you okay?
• Is he your brother?

Short answers

• Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
• Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.

6-Exercises

A. Fill in the blanks (am / is / are):

1. I ___ happy.
2. She ___ a doctor.
3. They ___ students.
4. It ___ a book.

B. Make sentences:

1. I / student
2. He / tall
3. We / friends

Lesson 4

1. Overview

This, that, these, those are demonstrative determiners/pronouns.
They are used to point to people or things.

2. Using Distance (Physical & Psychological)

A. Physical distance

• This book (here, in my hand)
• That building (far away)
• These shoes (near me)
• Those mountains (far away)

B. Psychological distance (ideas, time, feelings)

• This idea is interesting. (current topic)
• That was a difficult time in my life. (past, emotionally distant)
• These days, I exercise more. (recent period)
• Those were the best years of my life. (long ago)

3. As Determiners vs Pronouns

A. Determiners (before a noun)

• This phone is new.
• Those students are late.

B. Pronouns (replace the noun)

• I like this.
• Those are expensive.

4. In Conversations (Very Important at Intermediate Level)

Referring back to something mentioned

• She failed the exam. That surprised everyone.
• He apologized late. That wasn’t acceptable.

Making contrasts

• I prefer this option, not that one.
• These are useful, but those are outdated.

5. Common Structures

A. With “one / ones”

• I don’t like this one.
• Those ones are cheaper. (informal)

B. With adjectives

• This beautiful painting
• Those old houses

6. Common Mistakes (Avoid These)

❌ This cars are fast.
✅ These cars are fast.

❌ Those book is mine.
✅ That book is mine.

❌ Using this for plural nouns
✅ Use these

7. Practice Exercises

A. Choose the correct word:

1. ____ shoes here are mine.
2. ____ was a great movie we watched yesterday.
3. ____ apples on the table are fresh.
4. Do you remember ____ summer in Italy?

Answers:

1. These
2. That
3. These
4. That

B. Make your own sentences

Write one sentence with:

• this
• that
• these
• those

Lesson 3: Present Simple Tense

1- When do we use the Present Simple?

We use the present simple for:

• Daily routines
• Habits
• Facts

Examples:

• I wake up at 7.
• She works in an office.
• The sun rises in the east.

2- Form (Positive Sentences)

Subject + base verb

 He / She / It → add (s)

3- Examples

• I like coffee.
• You study English.
• We live in Cairo.
• He likes tea.
• She studies English.
• It works well.

4- Spelling Rules (He / She / It)

• Most verbs: add s
• work → works
• Verbs ending in ch / sh / x / s / o → add es
• go → goes
• Verbs ending in consonant + y → y → ies
• study → studies

5- Negative Sentences

Use do not (don’t) or does not (doesn’t)

Subject + do/does + not + base verb

• I don’t like milk.
• You don’t work on Sunday.
• He doesn’t like milk.
• She doesn’t play football.

After doesn’t, use the base verb (no “s”).

6- Questions

Do / Does + subject + base verb?

• Do you like coffee?
• Do they live here?
• Does he work on Sunday?
• Does she play tennis?

Short answers:

• Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
• Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

7-Time Words (Adverbs)

• always
• usually
• often
• sometimes
• never
• every day / every week

Example:

• She usually wakes up early.

8- Exercises

A. Choose the correct answer:

1. He ___ (like / likes) apples.
2. They ___ (play / plays) football.
3. She ___ (study / studies) English.

B. Make negative sentences:

1. He likes coffee.
2. We work on Sunday.

C. Make questions:

1. You live here.
2. She speaks English.

Lesson 2: The Verb “To Be” – Questions & Short Answers

1- Making Questions

To make a question, put the verb before the subject.

2-Yes / No Questions

• Am I late?
• Are you ready?
• Is she your sister?
• Are we friends?

3- Short Answers

 We do not say: Yes, I am a student. (too long for short answer)

4- Wh- Questions with “To Be”

• What is your name?
• Where are you from?
• How are you today?
• Who is she?

5- Examples

• What is your name?
  → My name is Ali.
• Where are you from?
  → I am from Egypt.

6- Exercises

A. Make questions:

1. She is happy. → ___ she happy?
2. They are students. → ___ they students?
3. He is your brother. → ___ he your brother?

B. Answer the questions:

1. Are you a student?
2. Is your teacher kind?

C. Choose the correct answer:

1. ___ you tired?
   b) Are a) Is
2. Where ___ she from?
   b) are a) is

Lesson 1: The Verb “To Be”

1- What is “to be”?

The verb “to be” is used to:

• Talk about who we are
• Talk about how we feel
• Talk about what something is

2- Forms of “To Be” (Present Simple)

3- Examples

• I am a student.
• You are happy.
• He is a teacher.
• She is my sister.
• It is a cat.
• We are friends.
• They are at school.

4-Negative Form

Add not after the verb.

• I am not tired.
• You are not late.
• He is not angry.

Short forms

• is not → isn’t
• are not → aren’t

5- Questions

Put the verb before the subject.

• Am I late?
• Are you okay?
• Is he your brother?

Short answers

• Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
• Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.

6-Exercises

A. Fill in the blanks (am / is / are):

1. I ___ happy.
2. She ___ a doctor.
3. They ___ students.
4. It ___ a book.

B. Make sentences:

1. I / student
2. He / tall
3. We / friends

Lesson 4

1. Overview

This, that, these, those are demonstrative determiners/pronouns.
They are used to point to people or things.

2. Using Distance (Physical & Psychological)

A. Physical distance

• This book (here, in my hand)
• That building (far away)
• These shoes (near me)
• Those mountains (far away)

B. Psychological distance (ideas, time, feelings)

• This idea is interesting. (current topic)
• That was a difficult time in my life. (past, emotionally distant)
• These days, I exercise more. (recent period)
• Those were the best years of my life. (long ago)

3. As Determiners vs Pronouns

A. Determiners (before a noun)

• This phone is new.
• Those students are late.

B. Pronouns (replace the noun)

• I like this.
• Those are expensive.

4. In Conversations (Very Important at Intermediate Level)

Referring back to something mentioned

• She failed the exam. That surprised everyone.
• He apologized late. That wasn’t acceptable.

Making contrasts

• I prefer this option, not that one.
• These are useful, but those are outdated.

5. Common Structures

A. With “one / ones”

• I don’t like this one.
• Those ones are cheaper. (informal)

B. With adjectives

• This beautiful painting
• Those old houses

6. Common Mistakes (Avoid These)

❌ This cars are fast.
✅ These cars are fast.

❌ Those book is mine.
✅ That book is mine.

❌ Using this for plural nouns
✅ Use these

7. Practice Exercises

A. Choose the correct word:

1. ____ shoes here are mine.
2. ____ was a great movie we watched yesterday.
3. ____ apples on the table are fresh.
4. Do you remember ____ summer in Italy?

Answers:

1. These
2. That
3. These
4. That

B. Make your own sentences

Write one sentence with:

• this
• that
• these
• those

Lesson 3: Present Simple Tense

1- When do we use the Present Simple?

We use the present simple for:

• Daily routines
• Habits
• Facts

Examples:

• I wake up at 7.
• She works in an office.
• The sun rises in the east.

2- Form (Positive Sentences)

Subject + base verb

 He / She / It → add (s)

3- Examples

• I like coffee.
• You study English.
• We live in Cairo.
• He likes tea.
• She studies English.
• It works well.

4- Spelling Rules (He / She / It)

• Most verbs: add s
• work → works
• Verbs ending in ch / sh / x / s / o → add es
• go → goes
• Verbs ending in consonant + y → y → ies
• study → studies

5- Negative Sentences

Use do not (don’t) or does not (doesn’t)

Subject + do/does + not + base verb

• I don’t like milk.
• You don’t work on Sunday.
• He doesn’t like milk.
• She doesn’t play football.

After doesn’t, use the base verb (no “s”).

6- Questions

Do / Does + subject + base verb?

• Do you like coffee?
• Do they live here?
• Does he work on Sunday?
• Does she play tennis?

Short answers:

• Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
• Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

7-Time Words (Adverbs)

• always
• usually
• often
• sometimes
• never
• every day / every week

Example:

• She usually wakes up early.

8- Exercises

A. Choose the correct answer:

1. He ___ (like / likes) apples.
2. They ___ (play / plays) football.
3. She ___ (study / studies) English.

B. Make negative sentences:

1. He likes coffee.
2. We work on Sunday.

C. Make questions:

1. You live here.
2. She speaks English.

Lesson 2: The Verb “To Be” – Questions & Short Answers

1- Making Questions

To make a question, put the verb before the subject.

2-Yes / No Questions

• Am I late?
• Are you ready?
• Is she your sister?
• Are we friends?

3- Short Answers

 We do not say: Yes, I am a student. (too long for short answer)

4- Wh- Questions with “To Be”

• What is your name?
• Where are you from?
• How are you today?
• Who is she?

5- Examples

• What is your name?
  → My name is Ali.
• Where are you from?
  → I am from Egypt.

6- Exercises

A. Make questions:

1. She is happy. → ___ she happy?
2. They are students. → ___ they students?
3. He is your brother. → ___ he your brother?

B. Answer the questions:

1. Are you a student?
2. Is your teacher kind?

C. Choose the correct answer:

1. ___ you tired?
   b) Are a) Is
2. Where ___ she from?
   b) are a) is

Lesson 1: The Verb “To Be”

1- What is “to be”?

The verb “to be” is used to:

• Talk about who we are
• Talk about how we feel
• Talk about what something is

2- Forms of “To Be” (Present Simple)

3- Examples

• I am a student.
• You are happy.
• He is a teacher.
• She is my sister.
• It is a cat.
• We are friends.
• They are at school.

4-Negative Form

Add not after the verb.

• I am not tired.
• You are not late.
• He is not angry.

Short forms

• is not → isn’t
• are not → aren’t

5- Questions

Put the verb before the subject.

• Am I late?
• Are you okay?
• Is he your brother?

Short answers

• Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
• Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.

6-Exercises

A. Fill in the blanks (am / is / are):

1. I ___ happy.
2. She ___ a doctor.
3. They ___ students.
4. It ___ a book.

B. Make sentences:

1. I / student
2. He / tall
3. We / friends

Past perfect simple

Le 'past perfect' ou 'pluperfect' correspond le plus souvent au 'plus-que-parfait' en francais. Il se forme avec had ( passé de have) et le participe passé du verbe.

   A. FORM :

                  affirmative :  had + past  participle

                  négative : had not ( hadn't) + past  participle

                  interrogative : had + sujet + past  participle

           ex:  Bill had seen the house before

                   Bill had not ( hadn't)  seen the house before

                   Had Bill seen the house before ?

    B. USE :

an action that occurred before another in the past. When describing both actions, the past perfect tense is used to express the one that occurred first.

                      After we' d had lunch at a restaurant we went to the cinema

                      = après avoir déjeuné dans un restaurant, nous sommes allés au cinéma.

                      They had left when we arrived.

                      = ils étaient partis quand nous sommes arrivés.

          *Attention :

                      comparer cet emploi avec

                        They left when we arrived

                       = ils sont partis quand nous sommes arrivés

 EXERCIECES :

1. I (be) in London.

2. We (eat) a lot of sweets.

3. Roy (read)the newspaper.

4. They (say)something to me.

5. He (write) a book about trees.

6. Patricia (send) a postcard to her mother.

7. Mr and Mrs Thomson (take) the train.

8. Jim (lose) his key before.

Present perfect

When we want to show relation between present tense and past tense, we use present perfect tense. It means, when we talk about a period, that it isn't finished.

Also we may use present perfect tense to show something that occurred at a phase in the past before now. Finally we use present perfect tense to talk about something that occurred in an unspecific time in the past but is related to the present.

These time words are: ever, never, before, up to now, still, so far, recently, just,already. Also we usually use today, this week,this month and this year in present perfect tense. The word yet is used in the negative and interrogative sentences.

Affirmative Form:

Subject + have/has + past participle.

Jane has just started her third semester at the university.

Negative form:

Subject + have/has + not + past participle.

Kevin has not planned to work in that factory.

Interrogative form:

Have/Has + subject + past participle?

Have you ever been to Nova Scotia?

Exercices :

1. I  (waste) a lot of time to write this essay up to now.

2. (you/read) this book yet?

3. John  (make) an appointment in the concert hall with his friends after work.

4. I  (find/not) anything to eat yet.

5. Kate  (do) many presentations before.

6.  (you/do) any travel over these last months?

7. I  (live) in Toronto for 6 years.

8. I  (start) to study physics in college for 5 months.

9. Linda  (travel) all over the world since 2011.

10. I  (study) French since I was 6 years old.

Simple Future  :

This tense is used to talk about future actions.

The structure of this Tense is : 1. Subject + Shall/Will + Object 2. Subject+ (am/is/are)+ (going to) + Verb + Object

#Note. 

To make sentence in the simpleü future tense , we put ‘will’ or ‘…ll’ before the base form of the verb. 

For the negative, we put ‘willü not’ or ‘won’t’ in front of the verb

Example Sentence of Simple Past Tense :

I shall start for the airport by 7am.

 I’ll have enough time in hand to reach the airport. 

This will be a short flight.

There won’t be any problem with my baggage. 

We are going to play a surprise match. 

She is going to attend a party tonight. 

He will prepare lunch for his mother tomorrow.

I will draw a picture of my parentsv and hang it on the wall.

From the nest day, I will help my mother